Tor is a system of encrypted virtual tunnels that helps individuals and organizations maintain their online anonymity and safety. This opens the door for developers of new communication platforms to include safeguards against unauthorized access.
Tor is the backbone upon which many other apps are built, enabling private data sharing over public networks for businesses and individuals.
In 2005, the development of tools beyond only the Tor proxy began in response to Tor’s growing popularity among activists and technically knowledgeable users interested in anonymity, but who still found it difficult to use. In 2008, work began on what would become the Tor Browser.
Who Uses the Tor Browser?
Because Tor Browser made Tor available to regular internet users and activists, it played a crucial role in the Arab Spring movement that began in late 2010. It did more than just hide users’ identities online; it also unblocked sites, including social networking platforms and others that were crucial to their daily lives but were otherwise unavailable.
People utilize Tor to access news websites, instant messaging services, and the like that are prohibited by their local Internet providers without exposing themselves or their loved ones to online surveillance.
To protect their anonymity online, Tor users can use the network’s hidden services to serve as a platform for hosting their own websites and other services. Tor is also used for socially sensitive communication, such as in chat rooms and online forums for persons with illnesses or survivors of rape and abuse.
Tor is used by journalists for encrypted communication with sources such as whistleblowers and dissidents. Tor is used by NGOs so that their overseas staff can access the company website without arousing suspicion or drawing attention to the fact that they are working for a foreign organization.
Tor is highly recommended by organizations like Indymedia to keep their members’ personal information safe and private when they’re online. Organizations devoted to protecting individual liberties in the digital realm, such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), endorse Tor as a means of doing so.
Using Tor, businesses can avoid prying ears while doing competitive analysis and shielding procurement strategies. They use it instead of a virtual private network (VPN), which would otherwise expose how much and when they communicate.
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How does Tor Browser work?
When thinking of the Tor Project, most people think of the Tor Browser. The browser is built upon an altered version of Mozilla Firefox ESR that features additions such as the Tor proxy, TorButton, TorLauncher, NoScript, and HTTPS Everywhere.
How Exactly Does Using the Tor Browser Protect My Online Privacy?
Tor is a network of more than 6,000 relays spread around the globe that the Tor Browser utilizes to conceal the user’s location and online activities. This protects your privacy by preventing others from monitoring your online activity.
Is Tor Better than A VPN?
Tor is not a virtual private network. Tor is a free web browser with privacy features that make your surfing sessions anonymous by hiding your IP address.
When you use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) with any browser on your computer, it masks your real IP address. This page provides helpful information for those interested in learning more about virtual private networks (VPNs).
What’s New
The latest version of Tor Browser Alpha is 12.0.1.
The latest version of Tor Browser, 11.5.1, brings Firefox for Windows, macOS, and Linux up to version 91.12.0esr. In particular, we’d like to thank WofWca for providing us with some fixes for the settings page. Since version 11.5, the following have been updated in Tor Browser:
Windows + OS X + Linux
Firefox 91.12.0esr is now available, so update today!
When using a dark theme, some QR code scanners have trouble reading the codes used in the Tor browser’s connection settings (tor-browser#41049).
Tor browser issue #41050: IP addresses don’t work with the “Continue to HTTP Site” button
Fixing bug tor-browser#41053 by removing the option to use HTTPS everywhere.
UIPreferences.state uiCustomization
Error 41054 in the Tor Browser Adjust the contrast of the purple parts in the connection settings in the dark theme.
Tor-Browser Bug 41055: Icon Fix for Issue 40834 Not Yet in Stable Release 11.5.
When the current bridges section is hidden, its explanation should also be hidden (tor-browser#41058).
Bridge cards aren’t showing up and turning themselves off (tor-browser#41059).
Structure Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux

Update Remove container/remote_* from rbm.conf and upgrade to 1.17.12 (bug tor-browser-build#40547)
Fix issue #40584 in tor-browser-build by releasing a new version of the user manual
The Redesigned Tor Browser
In an effort to streamline the browser’s chrome, menus, and tab design, Firefox’s UI was recently updated. The new look makes its debut in Tor Browser with the release of Firefox ESR 91.
Each aspect of Tor Browser’s custom UI has been updated to reflect Firefox’s new aesthetic in order to provide a consistent and satisfying user experience. Everything from the colors and fonts to the buttons and even the symbols themselves will be updated to reflect the new, slimmer aesthetic.
The browser’s aesthetic has been updated, but other interface elements like as the connection screen, circuit display, security levels, and onion site problems have also been updated for the better.
A Warm Welcome
Many of our consumers wasted significant time trying to make sense of our old screen since there was simply too much information. Users at the paper experiment spent an average of 40 minutes unsure of what they should do.
We also completed a ‘brand refresh,’ adding our logo to the launcher, to make it clearer to the user whether or not they need to configure anything.
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Plan for Avoiding Censorship
When attempting to connect to Tor from a network that blocks access to Tor, this is a crucial step. We also spent a lot of time making sure the UI language clearly explained the purpose of the bridge and how to set it up for use.
We have added a helpful hint to the drop-down option (which you can see below) to help you choose the best bridge to bypass censorship in countries where it is very pervasive.
Information for a Proxy Server
For users who are part of a network that requires proxy settings, our Tor Launcher configuration wizard is an invaluable tool. However, this might become very confusing if the user is unfamiliar with the concept of a proxy.
Due to its significance, we kept it on the primary setup screen and included a prompt to explain why users would need to make such adjustments.
We’ll be coordinating user testing of the new UI with the UX team as part of our efforts to continuously refine and enhance the user experience. Besides revamping the onboarding process for new users, we want to enhance the overall Tor browser experience (once you’re connected to Tor).
Last but not least, we are unifying the mobile and desktop experiences by porting the security slider design from the mobile browser to the desktop version of Tor Browser 7.5.
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